Index: Papers of John Adams, Volume 16
Adams, John (1735–1826, designated as JA in The Adams Papers)
455
Opinions
97
Individuals
3
Hertzberg’s political writings
3
John Jay’s return to U.S.
2
Morris’ reliance on for money
2
Willard’s planned visit to Europe
1
S. Adams’ creation of Boston committee of correspondence
1
Barbé-Marbois’ intercepted letter
1
Cerisier’s political writings
1
Gerry’s service in Congress
1
Hartwell and Spanish Inquisition
1
John Jay’s reputation in New England
1
Lovell’s desire to teach deaf
1
Mauduit’s 1778 proposal to recognize U.S. independence
1
Necker’s removal as French finance minister
1
Sowden and Mably’s Observations
1
Waterhouse’s appointment as Hersey professor of medicine
1
Willinks as sole agents for subscriptions to 1784 Dutch-Amer. loan
57
Continental Congress
12
importance of debt and interest payments by
5
appointment of Jay as secretary for foreign affairs
5
commissions to negotiate with Britain and European powers
5
diplomats’ salaries and
3
quality of membership of
2
election of R. H. Lee as president of
2
lack of instructions from
1
compares with Laputa in Gulliver’s Travels
1
delay in ratification of definitive peace treaty by
1
enforcement of treaty obligations on states by
1
imposition of duties to raise revenue
1
La Luzerne’s influence on
1
management of foreign affairs by
1
need to appoint secretary for foreign affairs
1
negotiations between Gardoqui and
1
opposition to his appointment as minister to Britain in
1
grant by states of power to regulate commerce
1
obligation of to appoint him minister to Britain
56
Miscellaneous
10
Society of the Cincinnati
2
author of anonymous letters in Laurens-Jenings dispute
3
failure to answer letters from Gerry and Osgood
2
Harvard versus European universities
2
arrival of family and residence at Auteuil—“Once more after an Interruption of ten Years, I pronounce myself a happy Man, and pray Heaven to continue me so”
1
Connecticut’s opposition to commutation
1
danger from Barbary States
1
date of cessation of hostilities
1
desire to be among members of Congress
1
disregard for criticism
1
Dutch equipment for Moroccan frigate
1
extracts from Higginson’s letters to Jonathan Jackson
1
gift sent to Carmichael by Fitch
1
historians and public record
1
importance of study of government
1
“It is a Maxim with many Politicians, that Men are like black Ducks, and to take them you must look one way and row another after having well trimmed your Canoe”
1
losses at St. Eustatius
1
Massachusetts–New York boundary dispute
1
Massachusetts–Nova Scotia boundary dispute
1
Moroccan capture of Betsy
1
prospects for Massachusetts whale fishery
1
recovery of lost property by Noyes and Dashwood
1
replacement of prince-bishop of Liège
1
Rhode Island’s rejection of impost
1
settlement of Ravenhorst estate
1
“Thank God, We shall no longer fight with Halters about our Necks or Axes brandishing over our Heads”
48
Diplomacy
7
U.S. diplomatic establishment in Europe
4
etiquette, practice, and protocol
3
no nation should have confidence in minister from foreign country
3
reciprocal grievances and Anglo-Amer. negotiations
3
relations between commissioners and other diplomats at French court
2
efforts to influence U.S. policy and control its diplomats
2
relations between U.S. minister and other diplomats at Brit. court
2
Storer’s account of commissioners’ reported refusal to negotiate with Brit. ministry
2
Swiss lack of diplomatic establishment
1
accomplishments as diplomat
1
commissions to negotiate commercial treaties “as numerous as the sands”
1
consequences of continuing Anglo-Amer. war
2
danger of public ministers meddling in religion
1
foreign affairs determines character and system of U.S.
1
funds for support of Liège’s minister to Netherlands
1
Humphreys as secretary to 3d joint commission
1
“I had rather be a Select Man of Braintree, than Ambassador to any Court in the World”
1
lack of money to finance negotiations with Barbary States
1
location of negotiations
1
negotiations in association with Franklin
1
prospects for commissioners’ negotiations
1
reciprocity on duties in U.S. treaties
1
responses to commissioners’ offers to negotiate treaties
50
Great Britain
17
appointment of U.S. minister to
5
negotiation of commercial treaty with U.S.
3
evacuation of frontier posts by
4
himself as ideal minister to
2
speculation on possible war with
1
appointment of minister to U.S. from
1
commissioners’ offer to negotiate with Britain—“I dont See what more We could have done unless We had all three flewn over in an Air Balloon, alighted at Lord Carmarthaens House pour demander a diner, of his Lordship”
2
difficulties facing U.S. minister to
1
difficulty of divining Brit. or U.S. politics
1
ignorance of its economic and political interests
1
implications of Temple’s appointment as consul to U.S.
1
motives for not negotiating with commissioners
1
newspapers of “tell a Thousand lies, to excite a Panic”
1
reported war between Native Americans and
1
violation of peace treaty by
34
Commerce
11
regulation of Anglo-Amer.
4
importance of Mediterranean to U.S.
3
ordinance opening French West Indies to U.S. ships
3
Scheldt River reopening and U.S.
1
Brit. monopolization of U.S.
1
Danish West Indian ports as free for U.S.
1
effect of reports of captures of U.S. ships by Barbary States
1
French and Brit. merchants’ ability to supply West Indies
1
French and Brit. merchants’ mercantilist outlook
1
nature of Franco-Amer. trade
1
Nova Scotia as supplier of goods
33
Loans and Finance
8
crisis posed by Morris’ bills of exchange
5
inability to return to Paris until loan completed
4
opening new loan in Netherlands
3
U.S. reaction to 1784 Dutch loan
1
Dutch loans as means to avenge slights of European nations
1
Dutch versus French loans
1
interest paid on Dutch and French loans
2
raising 1784 Dutch loan—“Money is Scarce as well as our Credit feeble”
1
U.S. national debt compared with British and French
1
his success in raising 1784 Dutch loan
27
Benjamin Franklin
3
proposal of grandson as minister to Sweden
1
ability to obtain funds from France
1
contention of that U.S. should join France in two future wars against Britain
1
dependence on JA for money
1
desire to visit England
1
1781 Franco-Amer. loan and
2
“I never Saw him in such apparent good Humour, and I shall certainly do nothing to disturb it”
1
“is very gracious never so much so Since he was born, at least since I knew him. Nothing on my Part Shall give him cause to be otherwise”
1
negotiation of Franco-Amer. Treaty of Alliance
1
proposal to prohibit wartime molestation of noncombatants
1
effect of appointment to 3d joint commission
21
Europe
5
Scheldt River reopening
2
relations between Barbary States and nations of
1
Austro-Russian efforts against Ottoman Empire
1
conflict between Catholic and Protestant powers in
1
effect of appointing minister to Britain on U.S. relations with
1
future relations between U.S. and
1
holdings of in North America and West Indies as threat to U.S.
1
“Merchants whether French, English or Dutch are very bad Rulers of Colonies at a Distance”
1
as source of funds for U.S.
1
Treaty of Münster as “great Charter” of
1
understanding of America in
19
United States
2
futility of war with Barbary States
2
neutrality as policy of
1
benefits of independence
1
bribery of officials by foreign powers
1
difficulty of reconciling governmental functions with Amer. liberties
1
France as ally in war with Britain
1
history of foreign affairs during Amer. Revolution
1
alleged hostility to Spain of
1
“is the Worst in the World for a Prophet to live in”
2
objectives of Amer. Revolution
1
relations between Native Americans and
1
strength of confederation
13
France
2
defeat in Seven Years’ War
2
efforts to expand fisheries by
1
as market for U.S. products
1
need for revenue in event of Austro-Dutch war
2
Paris as “Mass of Putrifaction”
422
Public Life
181
Diplomacy, 1780–1788, Mission to the Netherlands
20
Barclay settles accounts of
18
bills of exchange drawn on and accepted
18
use of proceeds from Dutch loans
7
Congress’ ratification of 1784 loan and
6
communication with Congress
6
payment of interest and premiums on 1784 loan
3
advises Congress to notify European nations of U.S. independence
4
Dutch diplomatic establishment and
4
Laurens’ position as minister and
4
memorials requesting passports
3
1781 Neufville loan and
3
seeks assistance regarding trunks and books
3
possible travel to Paris and
3
writes letters of recommendation
2
Austro-Dutch dispute and
2
commission to negotiate loans
2
Dumas seeks secure route for letters to
2
report on obligations remaining for 1782 and 1784 loans
1
advertising for Jackson & Higginson and
1
Austro-Amer. relations and
1
confidence in actions of
1
confidence in loan consortium
1
effect of 1784 loan on U.S. credit
1
establishment of glass manufactory and
1
Humphreys seeks funds from
1
J. Palmer seeks advice from
1
recommends Dumas to Congress
1
relationship with Thulemeier
2
seeks to save U.S. credit with loan
1
sends New Year’s greetings
1
spreads news about U.S.
1
Dutch recognition of U.S. and
103
Diplomacy, 1784–1785, Joint Commission to Negotiate Commercial Treaties
12
location of negotiations
10
negotiations with Britain
9
commissioners’ conduct of business
8
commissioners’ salaries
3
accreditation to Louis XVI
2
letters of credence to Barbary States
1
commission to negotiate with Britain, text of
1
commission to negotiate with Morocco, text of
1
need for Journals of Congress
1
negotiations with Spain
1
Pecquet’s aid to U.S. prisoners and
1
presentations to Louis XVI by
1
Spain’s appointment of chargé d’affaires to U.S. and
1
Willinks seek assistance from
48
Diplomacy, 1781–1783, Joint Commission to Negotiate Anglo-American Peace
7
discussion of commercial treaties and
5
Congress’ 29 Oct. 1783 instructions to
4
conclusion of definitive treaty and
3
cessation of Anglo-Amer. hostilities and
3
ratification of definitive treaty
3
treaty provisions on Massachusetts–Nova Scotia boundary and
2
treaty provisions on loyalists and
1
departure of Jay and Laurens from
1
Lafayette’s return to U.S. and
2
Laurens’ failure to sign definitive treaty and
1
use of Mitchell’s map for
1
Montgomery’s negotiations with Morocco and
1
proposed Prussian-Amer. treaty and
1
relationship with Franklin
1
time constraints on negotiations
1
treaty provisions on fisheries and
1
treaty provisions on payment of prewar debts and
2
warned about being too candid in letters to Congress
49
Diplomacy, 1785–1788, Minister to Great Britain
4
Congress’ deliberations on appointment
2
Congress’ three-year limit on appointment
2
WSS appointed secretary to
2
communication with Congress as
1
English newspaper reports on U.S. and
1
draft Anglo-Amer. commercial treaty and
1
ordination of Episcopal bishops and
24
Diplomacy, 1783, Joint Commission to Negotiate Anglo-American Commercial Treaty (Not Implemented)
11
Congress’ failure to implement
1
anticipates going to Paris for
1
difficulty of accomplishing
2
enthusiasm at being appointed to
5
Continental Congress
2
Treaty Plan of 1776 and negotiations with France
1
committee to draft Declaration of Independence
1
1775–1776 debates over foreign policy in
1
drafts rules for Continental Army and Navy
6
Diplomacy, 1779–1781, Mission to Negotiate Anglo-American Treaties
2
commission envied by Franklin
2
Congress’ revocation of commissions for
1
defends Congress’ 1780 revaluation of continental currency
1
commission as de facto appointment as minister to Britain
1
Law Practice
1
prosecutes violations of parliamentary acts reserving mast trees for Royal Navy
1
Presidency, 1797–1800
1
Pickering as secretary of state under
167
Letters From
1
Abbé Gabriel Bonnot de Mably (1785)
1
Alexander Coffin (1784)
2
Antoine Marie Cerisier (1784)
2
Baron Franz von Reischach (1784)
5
Baron von Thulemeier (1784)
1
Baron von Thulemeier (1785)
10
Benjamin Franklin (1784)
1
Bidé de Chavagnes (1785)
1
Carolina Wilhelmina Haren van Hogendorp (1784)
1
Charles Sigourney (1784)
1
Christian Lotter (1784)
1
Christian Lotter (1785)
1
Committee of the States (Continental Congress) (1784)
1
Daniel Crommelin & Sons (1784)
1
Elkanah Watson Jr. (1784)
1
J. F. Rosart & Co. (1784)
1
Jean George Holtzhey (1784)
1
John van Heukelom & Zoon (1784)
2
Jonathan Jackson (1784)
1
Jonathan Jackson (1785)
1
L. de Chavannes de la Giraudière (1784)
1
List of omitted documents
1
Marquis de Castries (1784)
4
Marquis de Lafayette (1784)
2
Mason Locke Weems (1784)
1
Mercy Otis Warren (1784)
1
Peleg Coffin Jr. (1784)
3
Thomas Jefferson (1784)
1
Timothy Pickering (1784)
7
Wilhem & Jan Willink (1784)
1
William Temple Franklin (1784)
14
loan consortium (Wilhem & Jan Willink, Nicolaas & Jacob van Staphorst, and De la Lande & Fynje) (1784)
156
Personal
55
Miscellaneous
7
sacrifices in public service
6
Laurens-Jenings dispute and
4
desire to return to U.S.
3
Lovell asks to procure books on deaf
2
relationship with Dalton
3
relationship with Laurens
2
Spener seeks portrait of
1
anecdote of Native American on Cape Cod
1
assists in bringing E. White to U.S.
1
attends Te Deum at Nôtre Dame for Louis Charles
1
congratulates Barclay on birth of daughter
1
copies of letter to Joseph Reed sent to JQA and CFA
1
G. K. van Hogendorp’s mother seeks information from
1
invites Ingrahams to dinner
1
Jay speaks favorably of
1
obtains set of china intended for A. Ridley
1
relationship with Chavagnes
1
seeks to save drowning child
1
unable to use his offices to aid friends
1
visits L’Epée’s academy
47
Finances
4
account of money advanced by Dana to JQA
3
bankers’ commissions on salary and
1
effect of taking commission on loans negotiated for U.S.
1
lends money to J. P. Jones
1
property in Braintree and Boston
1
seeks letter of credit on Paris banker
1
sends money to Mary Barclay
1
C. Tufts to draw on for expenses of
35
Possessions
24
trunks sent from Paris to The Hague
3
coach disposed of at Paris
4
coach purchased in London
1
silverware sent from Paris to The Hague
19
Family
4
Tyler’s courtship of AA2 and
2
decision to meet AA in London
1
effect on children of refusal to profit from position
1
possible return to U.S.
1
sends JQA to London to meet AA and AA2
1
sends sons to study at University of Leyden
146
Letters To
2
Antoine Marie Cerisier (1784)
2
Baron Franz von Reischach (1784)
3
Baron von Thulemeier (1784)
1
Baron von Thulemeier (1785)
8
Benjamin Franklin (1784)
1
Benjamin Franklin (1785)
1
Benjamin Waterhouse (1784)
1
Bidé de Chavagnes (1785)
1
Charles Sigourney (1785)
1
Daniel Crommelin & Sons (1784)
1
Duncan Ingraham Jr. (1784)
1
Fizeaux, Grand & Co. (1784)
1
J. F. Rosart & Co. (1784)
2
Jonathan Jackson (1784)
1
Jonathan Jackson (1785)
1
List of omitted documents
1
Marquis de Castries (1784)
2
Marquis de Lafayette (1784)
1
Mason Locke Weems (1784)
1
Matthew Clarkson (1784)
1
Mercy Otis Warren (1784)
1
Richard Henry Lee (1785)
2
States General of the Netherlands (1784)
1
Thomas Jefferson (1785)
3
Wilhem & Jan Willink (1784)
1
William Carmichael (1784)
12
loan consortium (Wilhem & Jan Willink, Nicolaas & Jacob van Staphorst, and De la Lande & Fynje) (1784)
14
president of Congress (1784)
1
president of Congress (1785)
46
Residences
30
Hôtel de Rouault at Auteuil
9
U.S. legation at The Hague
1
Hôtel de Valentinois at Passy
44
Travels
16
London to Netherlands (1784)
9
The Hague to London (1784)
7
possible return to Paris (1784)
1
to and from Europe on La Sensible (1779)
1
possible return to The Hague (1784)
43
Books and Reading
9
Mably’s Observations and
8
purchase and shipment of
5
Spener’s publication of Sprengel’s Allgemeines Historisches Taschenbuch and
1
Hertzberg’s Sur la forme des gouvernemens
35
Writings, Unpublished
19
Letterbooks
10
letters drafted not sent
1
nature of JA’s 1784–1785 letters
5
1774
5
Report to the General Court on Massachusetts Boundaries
27
Health and Illnesses
4
effect of travel and work on
3
fever at Auteuil (1783)
1
fever at Amsterdam (1781)
10
Writings, Published
2
1781
2
A Memorial. To Their High Mightinesses
1
1773
1
“On the Independence of the Judges”
1
Adams Family Correspondence
2
Diary and Autobiography