Papers of John Adams, volume 14

Draft Article on Loyalists, [ca. 26 November 1782] Adams, John Franklin, Benjamin Jay, John
Draft Article on Loyalists
[ca. 26 November 1782]1

Congress will recommend to the Legislature of each of the thirteen States to appoint Commissioners to be under Oath to appraise at a just Value, at this Time the Estates that have been confiscated, and to make Provision, in a reasonable Time, not exceeding two Years for the a Compensation, to those of the Refugees who have not taken an active Part in the War against the United states, and of those who having taken an active Part have conducted themselves like civilized Ennemies, and have governed themselves by the Law of Nations.

And to extend Amnesty to all excepting Such as were the most culpable & Instrumental in bringing on the War, and Such as shall appear, to have been guilty of Cruelties, Devasations Depredations and other Crimes Excesses, in the Prosecution of the War, not warrantable nor excuseable by the Laws of War.

MS (Adams Papers); endorsed: “Project / of an Article for Refugees.” Filmed at [Nov. 1782].

1.

This draft is wholly in JA's hand and was likely done early in the commissioners’ discussions of the loyalist issue and never offered to the British negotiators as an alternative to the terms of the draft treaty of 25 Nov., above. The proposal offered here reworks the articles in the 25 Nov. draft, making them conditional on the behavior of the loyalists, and may to some degree be an effort to conform to Henry Strachey's comment about “excepting a few by Name of the most obnoxious of the Refugees” (JA, D&A , 92 3:72). However, there was no more likelihood of its being effective than the corresponding article in the treaty signed on 30 Nov., below, since the proposed remedies were to be nonbinding recommendations of Congress, which could not be forced on the states. This draft, however, was more in line with the views of JA, who “pitied those People too much to be willing to aggravate their Sorrows and Sufferings, even of those who had deserved the Worst” (same, 3:57), than those of Franklin, for which see the draft treaty of 25 Nov., note 7, above.

From C. W. F. Dumas, 28 November 1782 Dumas, C. W. F. Adams, John
From C. W. F. Dumas
Monsieur, Lahaie 28e. Nov. 1782.

Quoique je n’aie pas réussi jusqu’ici à me procurer rien de satisfaisant, pour la demande qui vous a été faite pour le Département de la guerre, je n’en continuerai pas moins mes recherches à cet égard, & vous en rendrai compte.

On vient de m’assurer positivement, qu’il S’agira la semaine prochaine sérieusement de désigner & pourvoir un Ministre pour l’envoyer après l’hyver aux Etats-Unis de la part de cette Rep.— Celui qui jusqu’ici a le plus d’apparence d’avoir ce poste, est le fils (entre nous) d’un Ambr. actuellement tout près de vous.1

Je com̃ence, Monsieur, à être à sec, pour ne pas dire en détresse, quant aux finances, non seulement, parce que le temps approche où l’on va nous apporter les comptes, mais aussi parce que s’en ai déjà payé quelques-uns qui ne souffroient pas de délai, & que je Suis d’ailleurs en avance de 6 semaines pour le courant de votre Ménage ici, qui Se tient avec une Economie scrupuleuse dont vous serez content, quand vous en aurez vu le compte, Soit que vous vouliez en différer l’examen jusqu’au retour de Votre Exce. ici, soit que vous jugiez à propos que nous vous l’envoyions à Paris. En attendant, je vous supplie, Monsieur, de m’établir préalablement un crédit auprès de vos Messieurs à Amsterdam, afin que je puisse tirer des à compte sur eux à mesure que le besoin urgent l’exige.2 Ce qui l’augmente actuellement, c’est que (entre nous) une Traite que j’ai tirée au com̃encement d’Oct. sur Passy, de 112 ½ Louis d’or, pour les derniers 6 mois de mon petit salaire de cette année, tarde pour la premiere fois d’être payée, parce que, dit le Banquier, on garde là souvent les Traites quelques semaines en poche avant d’y faire honneur. Cela m’incom̃ode et me désole en attendant.

Mr. Jay3 est allé faire un tour à Amst. en attendant des nouvelles de Paris.

Tous vos Livres donnés à relier, le sont; & vous les verrez à leur place dans leur sanctuaire, où personne ne met le pied que pour 93l’airer de temps en temps. Revenez y bientôt, Monsieur, jouir des prémices que l’Aurore vous présente tous les jours à votre Lever. Quant à la paix, nous ne la croyons ici ni prochaine ni desirable encore. Je Suis avec un sincere respect, Monsieur, / Votre très-humble & très / obéissant serviteur

Dumas

On vient de me faire esperer quelque chose sur la subsistce. de l’Armée Suedoise.4

Translation
Sir The Hague, 28 November 1782

Although I have not yet succeeded in obtaining any satisfaction concerning the request you have made on behalf of the department of war, I shall nonetheless pursue my inquiries and keep you informed.

I have just received assurance that next week significant progress will be made in choosing and formally appointing a minister to the United States, to be sent at winter's end to represent this republic. The most likely appointee (between us) is the son of an ambassador who is currently quite close to you.1

Concerning finances, I am beginning, sir, to be short of cash—in dire straits even—not only because the time is fast approaching for various bills to be presented, but also because I have already paid several of the most urgent. I am, moreover, six weeks in advance for your household here, which is being run with scrupulous thriftiness; indeed, you will be pleased when you see the accounts, whether your excellency prefers to put off examining them until your return or deems it more appropriate for us to send them to Paris. In the meantime, I must beg you, sir, to establish a line of credit with your bankers in Amsterdam so that I can draw advances as urgent needs dictate.2 The need is exacerbated by the fact that (between us) the bank has for the first time been slow to honor a withdrawal I made in early October against the account in Passy, of 112 ½ Louis d’Or, to cover the last six months of my modest salary this year. The banker says this is because drafts are often held back for several weeks before being honored. Meanwhile, I find this most inconvenient and distressing.

Mr. Jay3 has gone on a trip to Amsterdam while awaiting news from Paris.

All the books in need of binding have been bound and you will find them in their proper place in their sanctuary, where nobody sets foot except to give it an occasional airing. Return here soon, sir, to enjoy the promise presented you each new day when you arise. As for peace, we here think it neither imminent nor desirable as yet. With sincere respect I remain, sir, your very humble and very obedient servant

Dumas

I have just been told that I may expect to learn something on the subsistence of the Swedish Army.4

94

RC (Adams Papers); addressed: “à Son Excellence / Monsieur Adams Esqr, Minre. / Plénipo: des Etats-Unis / d’Ame. / à Paris.”; internal address: “Paris á Son Exce. Mr. J. Adams M. P.”; endorsed: “Mr Dumas 28 Nov / 1782.”

1.

Assuming that Dumas is using the title “ambassador” in its real rather than generic sense, he is likely referring to a son of Mattheus Lestevenon van Berkenrode, the Dutch ambassador to France. There were two other Dutch diplomats at Paris: Gerard Brantsen, minister plenipotentiary, who was to negotiate the peace in company with Van Berkenrode; and Baron Dirk Wolter de Lynden van Blitterswyck, former Dutch envoy to Sweden and future minister to Great Britain, who had conferred with JA several times ( Repertorium ; JA, D&A , 3:53, 62, 68–69). The rumor was unfounded, but see Dumas’ letter of 14 Jan. 1783, below.

2.

In his letter of 19 Nov., above, JA had already advised the loan consortium to pay Dumas’ bills. See the consortium's reply of 4 Dec., below.

3.

Sir James Jay.

4.

Possibly from a book lent to Dumas by Per Olof von Asp, the Swedish chargé d’affaires at The Hague, for which see Dumas’ letter of 16 Jan. 1783, below.