Papers of John Adams, volume 14

448 To Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol, 27 April 1783 Adams, John Pol, Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den

To Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol

My Lord, Paris April 27th. 1783.

I yesterday recd. the Letter you did me the Honor to write me the 20th. of this Month.

The Catalogue inclosed in your's I had yesterday an Opportunity of shewing to Messs. Laurens and Jay; but neither of those Gentlemen know any thing of it. Mr. Jay as well as myself embarked for Europe, Mr. Jay from Philadelphia & I from Boston, in the Fall of 1779.

I remember to have seen some Lists, but I ever considered those Lists as mercantile Engines rather than political, and accordingly took very little Notice of them.— Mercantile Emulations and Jealousies have at least done as much Harm as Good to the American Cause. There is no American now in Paris, who can give You any of the Information you desire— If there were, it would give me pleasure to transmit it to You.

I wish the Peace may be finally as favorable to your Country as you desire, and it is supposed that the Empress of Russia is favouring your hopes at least respecting one favourite Point, the Liberty of Navigation.

With great Respect & Esteem I have the honor &c

LbC in John Thaxter's hand (Adams Papers); internal address: “Baron Van der Capellan de Poll / Zwoll in Overyssell.”; APM Reel 108.

Draft Articles to Supplement the Preliminary Anglo-American Peace Treaty, [ca. 27 April 1783] Adams, John Franklin, Benjamin Hartley, David Jay, John Laurens, Henry

Draft Articles to Supplement the Preliminary Anglo-American Peace Treaty

[ca. 27 April 1783]1

Articles

agreed upon by and between David Hartley Esquire, Minister Plenipotentiary of his Britannic Majesty for &c

in behalf of his Said Majesty on the one Part, and J.A. B.F. J.J. and H.L, Ministers Plenipotentiary of the United States of America for treating of Peace with the Minister Plenipotentiary of his Said Majesty, on their behalf, on the other Part,

in Addition to those Articles agreed upon, on the 30th day of November 1782 by and between Richard Oswald Esqr the 449Commissioner of his Britannic Majesty for treating of Peace with the Commissioners of the United States of America, in behalf of his Said Majesty, on the one Part, and the Said J.A. B.F. J.J. and H.L, four of the Commissioners of the Said States for treating of Peace, with the Commissioner of his Said Majesty, on their Behalf, on the other Part.

1. The Subjects of the Crown of Great Britain, Shall enjoy in all the ~~Territories o~~ and every of the Said United States, all the Rights Liberties Priviledges and Immunities and be Subject to the Duties and Allegiance of natural born Citizens of the Said States—and on the other Hand, all the Citizens of the Said United States shall enjoy in all and every of the Dominions of the Crown of Great Britain, all the Rights, Liberties Priviledges and Immunities and be subject to the Duties and Allegiance of natural born Subjects of that Crown, excepting Such Individuals of either Nation as the Legislature of the other shall judge fit to except.2

2. That So soon as his Britannic Majesty shall have with drawn all his Armies Garrisons and Fleets from the said United states, and from every Port, Place and Harbour within the Same according to the 7 Article of the provisional Treaty of 30 Novr 1782. In all Rivers, harbours, Lakes Ports and Places belonging to his Britannic Majesty, in any Part of the World, the Merchants and Merchant Ships of the United states or any of them, shall be received, treated and protected, like the Merchants and Merchant ships of ~~British Subjects Great Britain the Citizens of the said~~ Great Britain, and be liable to no other Charges and Duties.

And reciprocally, in all Rivers, Harbours, Lakes, Ports and Places belonging to the Said states, or any of them, the Merchants ~~and Merchant ships,~~ & subjects of the Crown of Great Britain and the Merchant ships belonging to them, Shall be received treated and protected, like the Merchants and Merchant ships of the State in which they shall be, and be liable to no other Charges and Duties.

Saving always to the chartered trading Companies of Great Britain, Such exclusive Use, and Trade of their respective Ports and Establishments, as neither the subjects of Great Britain nor any the most favoured Nation participates in.3

3. That his Britannic Majesty Shall within Months from this Date and as much sooner as conveniently may be, withdraw ~~all~~ his Armies, Garrisons and Fleets, from the Said United states and from every Port, Place and Harbour, within the same and without causing 450any destruction, or carrying away any Negroes or other Property of the American Inhabitants, and leaving, in all Fortifications the American Artillery, that may be therein

And there shall be no future Confiscations made nor any Prosecutions commenced against any Person or Persons, for or by Reason of the Part which he or they may have taken in the late War, and no Person shall, on that Account Suffer any future Loss or Damage, either in his Person, Liberty or Property and that those who may be in confinement on Such Charges at the Time of the Evacuation of the United states by the British Forces, shall be immediately Set at Liberty, and the Prosecutions so commenced be discontinued, and all Persons ~~in Ameri~~ who have resided ~~within the Lines~~ in Places possessed by his Said Majesties Arms, and shall choose to remain there after the Evacuation shall have Liberty to do so for Twelve Months, they conducting themselves peaceably according to the Laws of the State, wherein they may be.

MS (Adams Papers); endorsed: “A. Project / of a Preamble to an / ulteriour provisional / Treaty.”; filmed at [Dec. 1782 – June 1783]. Note that the “A.” in this endorsement and those on the following four documents indicates that they were the work of “Adams,” for which see note 1, but see also the endorsement of the Proposed Article Regarding Article 7 of the Preliminary Peace Treaty, [28 April], below.

This document, the three articles that follow, and the proposed articles for a commercial treaty were likely drafted by JA on the evening of 27 April. JA's Diary entry for the 28th indicates that “at 10 Mr. Jay came in, and I shewed him a Variety of Projects, which I had drawn up last night, concerning the Removal of the Troops, opening the Ports, tranquilizing the Tories now within the Lines, Articles for Commerce, in Explanation of the provisional Treaty &c” (JA, D&A , 3:113). Note that despite JA's work, discussions with colleagues and David Hartley, his presumably high expectations that some of the articles would, in one form or another, find their way into the definitive peace treaty or a commercial treaty were not realized.

This provision, excluding the closing exception, was included in Benjamin Franklin's “Sketch” of possible articles to be included in the definitive treaty, [10–13 Dec. 1782], and in an expanded form had been enclosed with Hartley's 31 March letter to Franklin as a “Separate Article to be referred to the definitive treaty” (Adams Papers; Franklin, Papers , 38:433–435; Wharton, Dipl. Corr. Amer. Rev. , 6:355). In his Diary entry for 28 April, JA indicated that he could accept “mutual Naturalization” or “Mr. Hartleys Propositions, to let the Trade go on as before the War or as with Nova Scotia” because “Time and the natural Course of Things will produce a good Treaty of Commerce” (JA, D&A , 3:113; Proposed Articles for an Anglo-American Commercial Treaty, [ca. 27 April], below).

This article was derived from Art. 4 of the draft treaty agreed to by Franklin, Jay, and Richard Oswald on 8 Oct. 1782 and rejected by the British ministry (Wharton, Dipl. Corr. Amer. Rev. , 5:807). For the metamorphosis of this and the article that follows into the three articles agreed to by the commissioners and Hartley on 29 April (calendared, below), see the [28 April] draft by JA and Jay of a Proposed Article Regarding Article 7 of the Preliminary Peace Treaty, below.