Papers of John Adams, volume 1

To Charles Cushing, 19 October 1756 JA Cushing, Charles To Charles Cushing, 19 October 1756 Adams, John Cushing, Charles
To Charles Cushing
My Friend Worcester, Oct. 19th 1756

I look upon myself obliged to give you the reasons that induced me to resolve upon the study and profession of the law, because you were so kind as to advise me to a different profession. When yours came to hand1 I had thoughts of preaching, but the longer I lived, and the more experience I had of that order of men, and of the real design of their institution, the more objections I found in my own mind to that course of life. I have the pleasure to be acquainted with a young gentleman of a fine genius, cultivated with indefatigable study, of a generous and noble disposition, and of the strictest virtue, a gentleman who deserves the countenance of the greatest men and the charge of the best parish in the Province. But with all these accomplishments, he is despised by some, ridiculed by others, and detested by more, only because he is suspected of Arminianism. And I have the pain to know more than one, who has a sleepy stupid soul, who has spent more of his waking hours in darning his stockings, smoaking his pipe, or playing with his fingers than in reading, conversation or reflection, cry'd up as promising young men, pious and orthodox youths and admirable Preachers. As far as I can observe, people are 22not disposed to inquire for piety, integrity, good sense or learning in a young preacher, but for stupidity (for so I must call the pretended sanctity of some absolute dunces), irresistible grace and original sin. I have not in one expression exceeded the limits of truth, tho' you think I am warm. Could you advise me, then, who you know have not the highest opinion of what is called Orthodoxy, to engage in a profession like this.* But I have other reasons too numerous to explain fully. This you will think is enough. What I said to you in my last,2 against the practitioners in the law, I cannot recollect. It is not unlikely my expressions were unguarded, as I am apt to speak and write too much at random. But my present sentiments are that some of those practitioners adorn and others disgrace, both the law that they profess and the country they inhabit. The students in the law are very numerous and some of them, youths of which no country, no age, would need to be ashamed—and if I can gain the honor of treading in the rear and silently admiring the noble air and gallant atchievements of the foremost rank, I shall think myself worthy of a louder triumph, than if I had headed the whole army of orthodox preachers.

The difficulties and discouragements I am under are a full match for all the resolution I am master of. But I comfort myself with this consideration. The more danger the greater glory. The general who at the head of a small army, encounters a more numerous and formidable enemy, is applauded if he strove for the victory and made a skillful retreat, although his army is routed and a considerable extent of territory lost. But if he gains a small advantage over the enemy, he saves the interest of his country, and returns, amidst the acclamations of the people bearing the triumphal laurel to the capitol. (I am in a very bellicose temper of mind to night, all my figures are taken from war.) I have cast myself wholly upon fortune, what her ladyship will be pleased to do with me I can't say. But wherever she shall lead me, or whatever she shall do with me, she cannot abate the sincerity with which I trust I shall always be your friend,

John Adams

* After I had wrote so far I received yours3 for which I return my thanks and pray the continuance of your favors.

MS not found. Reprinted from the (Nantucket Gazette, 1 Feb. 1817), where it is captioned “To Mr. C. Cushing, School Master, Newbury,” which we may assume to be the address on the cover of the missing RC. In the newspaper this letter follows JA's letter to the same correspondent, 1 3 April 1756, above, the history of which (including that of the present letter, so far as its history is known) is recounted in note 5 there. Transcripts of the present letter, in 23the hands of Susanna Boylston (Adams) Clark (later Treadway) and of T. B. Adams Jr., respectively, are in the Adams Papers.

1.

Not found.

2.

Presumably JA to Cushing, 1 3 April, above.

3.

Not found.

From Richard Cranch, October 1756 Cranch, Richard JA From Richard Cranch, October 1756 Cranch, Richard Adams, John
From Richard Cranch
My worthy Friend Braintree October 1756

Tho' I acknowledge that one ought never to be asham'd to speak the truth; yet I find my self much inclin'd to it, when I'm about to tell you that I have two of your very kind and ingenious Letters1 by me unanswer'd. I assure you sir, that my neglect arises not from any want of esteem for my Friend, but (to tell another ungratefull truth) from downright dullness; I must wait with patience for lucid intervalls, and can truly say to you, as Boileau did to his Friend—“Apollon est pour moi &c.” “Apollo is to me a fickle Deity, and grants me not the favour which he affords to you, of a constant audience. I must wait for favourable moments &c.”

You complain to me of the lonely, unsocial Life you Lead: (which is indeed an undesirable state): But while your tho'ts rove with such ease and regularity thro' the whole Creation, discovering the beauties in the natural, and the nice connections in the moral world, the want of Society seems in a great measure removed, tho' it must be confess'd there is something malancholly even in the most extensive knowledge without agreeable Society. I have therefore often admir'd that saying of Archytas 2 (Vizt.) That tho' a man were admitted into Heaven to view the wonderful Fabrick of the World, and the beauty of the Starrs, yet what would otherwise be Rapture and Extasie, would be but a malancholy Amazement if he had not a Friend to communicate it to.

You are pleas'd to ask my advice with respect to your intended study of the Law; to which I answer, that I am heartily sorry the difficulties attending the preaching the truths of Xty. Christianity in their native simplicity are so great as in any measure to deterr you from that more noble employment of delivering captive minds from their Shackles, and re-instating them in that liberty with which Christ has made 'em free. Will you urge the numbers who oppose the truth, and the strong prejudices of those you shall have to encounter, as arguments against the undertaking? I shall answer in your own excellent words on another occation—That “the General who with a small 24Army in a disadvantageous posture engages an Enemy who is more numerous, and better scituated, tho' he is defeated on the whole, yet if he bravely struggles for victory, and makes his retreat with dignity, receives the thanks and the Plaudits of his Country.” So should Truth under your conduct fail of an entire victory, yet the brave efforts which I am perswaded you can make would not only entitle you to the praises of every lover of Truth and liberty, but what is of infinitely greater importance will ensure to you the plaudit of your Creator. I therefore on the whole wish you might finally settle in the Ministry; for what will become of Christianity amongst us if almost every accomplish'd mind and great Genious refuses to inlist in its Cause? Shall we any longer be surpriz'd to find immorality, and consequently Infidelity prevail, when Christian Societies have scarce a Pastor who can or dares give a “Reason of the Hope that is in them?”

This my Friend is my present opinion; but should you see sufficient reason to turn your studies to the Law, I don't doubt but that your great genious will soon overcome the difficulties you mention in your last Letter, and make you shine at the Barr; had I not tho't your capacity equal to that or any other of the Learned professions, I should not have urg'd you to the Ministry, well knowing that that Profession has Fools enough already.

Dft (Adams Papers); at head of text in Cranch's hand: “Rough Coppy of a Letr. to John Adams. Octr. 1756.” Tr of same (Adams Papers), in T. B. Adams Jr.'s hand, Lb/JA/26 (Microfilms, Reel No. 114), probably copied in 1829. Dft is much corrected, but none of the corrections seems significant enough to record.

1.

29 Aug. and 18 Oct., both above.

2.

Fourth-century B.C. Greek mathematician and philosopher of the Pythagorean school.