Papers of John Adams, volume 5
We had a Court Martial set at Chatham last Week for the Trial of a Colo. Buckner of the 6th. Virginia Battalion in the Continental Service, accused of Misbehaviour and Cowardice.1 The Court after a hearing of two Days found him guilty “of misbehaving before the Enemy, and of deserting his Post and Party in Time of Action.” And sentenced him to be cashiered, and rendered incapable of ever holding any military Office in the American Service. In Obedience to the Articles of War and the Sentence of the Court I have transmitted a Copy of the Charge, and the Judgement of the Court to a Printer in Virginia to be published. This must effectually damn his Character in that State. The shamefull Cowardice of this Man has been a most mortifying Stroke to the whole Corps of Virginia Officers, as he has shewn the World that a Man may be a Coward and yet come from Virginia.
Yesterday all the New England Troops who agreed to tarry for 6 Weeks from 1st. Jany. were discharged, the Time being expired, and we have now only southern Regiments on this Side Hudson's River. By far the greatest Part of the Men who tarry'd are from the Massachusetts State. It is a Pity that these poor Fellows whose Services and Hardships have been great, should now go home without being paid what was promised them, but the Pay Master has no Money, and they accuse the General Officers of deceiving them. This is not the first Complaint of the States badly paying their Troops. They say that though Congress may not be able to cloathe them, they ought, because they can,2 regularly pay them.
Two Hessian Deserters came in to Day. They confirm, what we had before learnt from Prisoners and Deserters that their Army are growing very sickly. That they are badly fed, and 85worse paid. That they are much in Want of Forage, and that the Severity of their Duty has produced a Spirit of Discontent throughout their Army.
If Reinforcements speedily come in, Mr. Howe will not be able to make very distant Excursions from Brunswick. If we can but get 20,000 Men together by 1st. of Apl. the British Army will hardly cross the Deleware next Summer. From the Accounts in the Eastern Papers,3 Appearances in Europe are exceedingly favourable. Should France make a Diversion in our Favour in the Spring, next Campaign I believe will fix America forever independent of the Smiles or Frowns of Great haughty Britain. I am with every Sentiment of Esteem & Respect Your Friend & hble Servt.
On 23 Jan. an advance party of Col. Mordecai Buckner's battalion engaged a British force protecting a wagon train moving from Brunswick to Amboy. The Americans fought well, inflicting heavy casualties, but Buckner failed to bring up the main force in support. Washington thought his punishment was mild (
Writings, ed. Fitzpatrick, 7:66, 152).
Comma supplied.
For example, the Independent Chronicle on 16 Jan. quoted a commander at Halifax as saying that war with France was inevitable. On 23 Jan. the paper quoted foreign reports of an alliance with Spain and the sending of a Spanish fleet to America. The following week reports from St. Eustatius told of a large French fleet gathering in the area of Guadeloupe and Martinique, “so that there is now a very fair appearance of our being speedily succoured by the French nation.” And a report from London was carried that said in part, “It is now no longer an idle rumor that we are on the eve of a War with France . . . in all probability a Declaration of Hostilities will take place in a few days.”